Stability, reusability, and equivalent circuit of TiO2/treated metakaolinite-based dye-sensitized solar cell: effect of illumination intensity on Voc and Isc values

Abstract In this research, treated metakaolinite (TMK) was introduced into the TiO 2 photoelectrode to fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic have four main natural components, i.e., a photosensitizer (carotenoid bixin), (TiO /kaolinite), electrolyte (glycerine carbonate derivative), and counter-electrode (carbon). Their stability, reusability, equivalent circuit were studied. presence of 5% TMK in anatase paste decreased band gap from 3.21 3.16 eV. result showed that more favorable obtain higher energy conversion efficiency. Under light intensity 200 W/m , it produced an yield 0.086%. combination demonstrated synergistic effect improve electrical properties DSSC. storage function worked well until third day analysis. DSSC based on /TMK exhibited 16 times better stability than pure -based photoelectrode. Faraday charge transfer processes is not direct contact with carbon counter-electrode.